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The first icebreaker ''Krassin''〔(Official museum website in English language. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Krassin )〕 ((ロシア語:Красин)) was built for the Imperial Russian Navy as ''Svyatogor''. She had a long, distinguished career in rescue operations, as well as a pathfinder and explorer of the Northern Sea Route. She has been fully restored to operating condition and is now a museum ship in Saint Petersburg. ==History and service== The icebreaker was built by Armstrong Whitworth in Newcastle upon Tyne under the supervision of Yevgeny Zamyatin.〔 (updates articles by Myers published in ''Slavonic and East European Review'')〕 The vessel was launched as the ''Svyatogor'' on 3 August 1916 and completed in February 1917.〔 Up to the beginning of the 1950s she remained the most powerful icebreaker in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The ''Krassin'' Icebreaker )〕 During the allied intervention against the Bolsheviks in Northern Russia (1918–19) she was scuttled by the Royal Navy. They raised her for use in the White Sea and later brought her to Scapa Flow for minesweeping. ''Svyatogor'' was returned to the USSR under the Krassin trade agreement in 1921.〔 In 1927 this icebreaker was renamed by the Soviet government to honor a recently deceased early Bolshevik leader and Soviet diplomat Leonid Borisovich Krasin. Perhaps the most famous duty the ''Krassin'' performed was rescuing General Umberto Nobile and his surviving crew when their airship ''Italia'' crashed on the ice upon returning form the North Pole in 1928. Later in the same year, ''Krassin'' rescued the German passenger ship ''Monte Cervantes'', with 1835 passengers on board, after it hit an iceberg and its hull was severely damaged. In 1933 ''Krassin'' became the first vessel to reach the inaccessible northern shores of Novaya Zemlya in the history of navigation. In 1938, the ''Krassin'' rescued Icebreaker Lenin and her convoy, trapped in ice at the end of the previous summer. During World War II, ''Krassin'' participated in many Russian convoys. In 1941 the US Government entered into negotiations with the Russian Government for the purchase or lease of one or more of their modern ice breakers for use by the US Coast Guard on the east coast of Greenland. The ''Krassin'' was offered, and crossed the Pacific to Bremerton, Washington. She was surveyed and found to be in need of repairs totalling about $500,000. Funds were allocated from President Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Emergency Fund for the President", but negotiations came to an abrupt end on 25 November 1941. Although the ''Krassin'' never served in the Coast Guard, the service gained valuable knowledge about icebreakers that was put to use in the design of the Wind class icebreakers.〔 She continued her journey through the Panama Canal to Great Britain, where she was armed with surface and anti-aircraft guns and proceeded to Reykjavik, Iceland to join convoy PQ-15. She escorted the convoy through the North and Barents Seas, around the Kola Peninsula and into Murmansk.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Icebreaker ''Krassin'' )〕 In 1942 the ''Krassin'' and ''Lenin'' were spotted at the Mona Islands in the Kara Sea by a Kriegsmarine plane during Operation Wunderland. The heavy cruiser ''Admiral Scheer'' rushed to find them, but providential bad weather, fog and ice conditions saved the icebreakers from destruction. Between August 1953 to June 1960, under the East German war reparations program, ''Krassin'' was extensively reconstructed at VEB Mathias-Thesen-Werft, Wismar, Germany.〔 Until 1971 she served the Arctic Northern Sea Route. Then the icebreaker was used as an Arctic scientific vessel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Historical notes about ''Krassin'' )〕 The icebreaker was owned by the International Fund for the History of Science. () Arkady Melua, as a president of the International Fund for the History of Science, took part in the transfer of the icebreaker "Krasin" to the balance of the fund. The transfaration took part on August 10, 1989. The icebreaker was then used for the import of used cars from Europe to Russia, and then was sold by Melua to the JSC "Tehimeks." JSC "Tehimeks" planned to sell the icebreaker to the United States of America to break it on scrap metal. After the fale of the deal caused by the Russian government it was registered at St. Petersburg, where was docked as a floating museum.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Krassin (1917 icebreaker)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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